Welcome to the HHO glossary
This is where you will find definitions of all things to do with hydrogen generators – hopefully it will make your life easier when coming to terms with what it’s all about. Wikipedia provides most of the definitions. I’ll be adding to this all the time so consider this just the base on which to build!
If you would like to see anything added to the glossary then don’t hesitate to let me know so it can be added. Anything that is wrong please let me know so I can change it.
So in alphabetical order, here we go:
Amps: is a unit of electric current, or amount of electric charge per second. The ampere is an SI base unit, and is named after André-Marie Ampère, one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism.
Baking Soda: Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Above 60 °C (140F), it gradually decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The conversion is fast at 200 °C (392F)
Browns Gas: Oxyhydrogen gas produced in a common-ducted electrolyzer has been referred to as “Brown’s gas”,after Yull Brown who received a utility patent for a series cell common-ducted electrolyzer in 1977 and 1978 (the term “Brown’s gas” is not used in his patents, but “a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen” is referenced). Brown’s torches also used an electric arc to increase the temperature of the flame (called atomic welding):
Bubbler: is a simple flashback device, used to prevent the burning gas from entering the HHO gas generating chamber and creating an explosion. The device by design can itself explode the quantity of gas in the head space above the water, destroying the bubbler, spreading the diluted catalyst and shrapnel from the container. For safety, reduce the head space to the bare minimum needed, change the water on some schedule to prevent the catalyst becoming strong enough to create chemical burns.
Catalyst : is a chemical compound that acts to speed up a reaction, but in the process is not itself changed. Therefore the catalyst, at the end of the reaction, is free to act again to assist another reactant through the reaction.
Catalysts work by lowering the energy barrier between the reactants and the products. In this case:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
where it normally takes a tremendous amount of energy to convert reactants to products – the addition of a catalyst can decrease the amount of energy required and therefore speed the reaction up!
2H2O + CATALYST+ energy = 2H2 + O2 + CATALYST
Cell: is a device used for generating an electromotive force (voltage) and current from chemical reactions. In HHO production the cell is very similar to a battery cell, except instead of producing electricity, it produces HHO. Many Shapes and Styles are in use, many actually look like a multi cell battery. In fact most cells using catalyst will show a degrading voltage across the terminals when power is removed.
Check Valve: Limits the flow of gas to one direction only. Use a check valve between the bubbler and generator to prevent unwanted pressure build up in the generator, and a safety against a low level bubbler. A check valve, such as used on torches, is recommended. Many homemade ones are being designed for hobbyists to build. Many are available at welding supply houses and aquarium shops (they’re used in fish tanks).
EFIE – Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer: It’s purpose is to make it possible for other fuel efficiency devices to work. Basically an HHO fuel cell (HFE cell) makes the engine think something is wrong because it adds more oxygen into the engine, and makes it do things to adjust for this “wrongness”. The actions it takes based on the oxygen sensor data, makes it negate the efficiency increase that would have been realized by the efficiency device – so by basically the ECU computer in your car actually uses MORE fuel in order to compensate for the extra oxygen so that wipes out the whole point of the fuel cell. The EFIE solves this by adjusting the signal to the computer so the computer is happy with the readings it’s getting and makes the correct adjustments for the various conditions of the engine.
Get a FREE guide to BUILD YOUR OWN EFIE - HERE
Flashback device: A device that prevents a flame front from returning to the source of gas and causing an explosion. example: like a torch flame traveling down the acetylene or Oxygen hose to the tank and igniting the tank of fuel.
HHO: is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases, typically in a 2:1 atomic ratio, the same proportion as water. This gaseous mixture is widely used for torches for the processing of refractory materials. HHO is what we add to our fuel mix in our engines and this is what gives us better gas mileage!
HHO will combust when brought to its autoignition temperature. For a stoichiometric mixture at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at about 570 °C (1065 °F). The minimum energy required to ignite such a mixture with a spark is about 20 microjoules. At normal temperature and pressure, oxyhydrogen can burn when it is between about 4% and 94% hydrogen by volume. Abbreviation for Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen, which is what water (H2O) is broken down into.
HFE: Hydrogen Fuel Enhancement – newer term for HHO
Joule: is the SI unit of energy measuring heat, electricity and mechanical work. It was named after English physicist James Prescott Joule. For example – kilo joule is a unit used when measuring.
KOH: potassium hydroxide. It is very alkaline and is a “strong base”. The dissolution in water is strongly exothermic, producing substantial amounts of energy in form of heat, leading to temperature rise, sometimes up to boiling point and over. As a very strong base/alkali, potassium hydroxide is very corrosive, both towards inorganic as well as organic materials, including living tissues; care must be therefore taken, when handling the substance and its solutions. It can be used as a catalyst instead of baking soda in the HHO fuel cell.
Liter/ litre: international unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). One liter/ litre is equal to 0.001 cubic metre and is denoted as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3).
Millilitre: defined as one-thousandth of a liter (one cubic centimetre)
NaOH: Sodium hydroxide, also known as, caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. Sodium hydroxide forms a strong alkaline solution when dissolved in a solvent such as water. This can also be used as a catalyst.
OrthoHydrogen: spin isomers of hydrogen
Oxyhydrogen: is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases, typically in a 2:1 atomic ratio, the same proportion as water.
Oxyhydrogen will combust when brought to its autoignition temperature. For a stoichiometric mixture at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at about 570 °C (1065 °F). The minimum energy required to ignite such a mixture with a spark is about 20 microjoules. At normal temperature and pressure, oxyhydrogen can burn when it is between about 4% and 94% hydrogen by volume.
Parahydrogen: spin isomers of Hydrogen
Salt: composed primarily of sodium chloride, with the formula NaCl. elemental chlorine is usually produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Along with chlorine, this chloralkali process yields hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide, according to the chemical equation
2NaCl + 2H2O → Cl2 + H2 + 2NaOH
Chlorine It has a disagreeable, suffocating odor that is detectable in concentrations as low as 3.5 ppm and is poisonous. This should be avoided as a catalyst completely just for personal safety.
Sodium carbonate: also know as soda ash, sal soda etc is an excellent electrolyte or catalyst can be bought in laundry section (sal soda, washing soda) and in spa/pool stores for decreasing ph. It also doesnt corrode the anodes.
Sulphuric Acid: is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Some common concentrations are
- 10%, dilute sulfuric acid for laboratory use,
- 33.5%, battery acid (used in lead-acid batteries),
- 62.18%, chamber or fertilizer acid,
- 77.67%, tower or Glover acid,
- 98%, concentrated acid.
The hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic. If water is added to the concentrated sulfuric acid, it can react, boil and spit dangerously. One should always add the acid to the water rather than the water to the acid. Sulfuric acid reacts with most metals via a single displacement reaction to produce hydrogen gas and the metal sulfate. Dilute H2SO4 attacks iron, aluminium, zinc, manganese, magnesium and nickel, but reactions with tin and copper require the acid to be hot and concentrated. Lead and tungsten, however, are resistant to sulfuric acid.
Volts: is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force.[1][2] It is named in honor of the Lombard physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), who invented the voltaic pile, the first modern chemical battery
Watt: is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one joule of energy per second. It measures a rate of energy use or production.
If you want to build your own hydrogen generator then check out:
http://www.ecohho.com
I use sodium hydroxide on my cells. see my video using a high power hho torch
For more information on O2 sensors check out this post:
http://ecohho.wordpress.com/what-is-hho/hydrogen-fuel-on-demand/unleash-the-true-power-of-water/understanding-an-efie/understanding-an-o2-oxygen-sensor/
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